OneChip Photonics targets the data centre with its PICs

OneChip Photonics is developing integrated optical components for the IEEE 40GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-LR4 interface standards.

The company believes its photonic integrated circuits (PICs) will more than halve the cost of the 40 and 100 Gigabit 10km-reach interfaces, enough for LR4 to cost-competitively address shorter reach applications in the data centre.

"I think we can cut the price [of LR4 modules] by half or better”

Andy Weirich, OneChip Photonics

The products mark an expansion of the Canadian startup's offerings. Until now OneChip has concentrated on bringing PIC-based passive optical network (PON) transceivers to market.

LR4 PICs

The startup is developing separate LR4 transmitter and receiver PICs. The 40 and 100GBASE-LR4 receivers are due in the third quarter of 2012, while the transmitters are expected by the year end. 

The 40GBASE-LR4 receiver comprises a wavelength demultiplexer - a 4-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) - and four photo-detectors operating around 1300nm. A spot-size converter - an integrated lens - couples the receiver's waveguide's mode field to the connecting fibre.

"[Data centre operators] are saying that they are having to significantly bend out of shape their data centre architecture to accommodate even 300m reaches”

The 40GBASE-LR4 transmitter PIC comprises four directly-modulated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers while the 100GBASE-LR4 use four electro-absorption modulator DFB lasers. Different lasers for the two PICs are required since the four wavelengths at 100 Gig, also around 1300nm, are more tightly spaced: 5nm versus 20nm. "They are much closer together than the 40 Gig version,” says Andy Weirich, OneChip Photonics' vice president of product line management. 

Another consequence of the wider wavelength spacings is that the 40 Gig transmitter uses four discrete lasers. “Because the 40 Gig wavelengths are much further apart, putting all the lasers on the one die is problematic," says Weirich. The 40GBASE-LR4 design thus uses five indium phosphide components: four lasers and the AWG, while the 40GBASE-LR4 receiver and the two 100GBASE-LR4 devices are all monolithic PICs.

Both LR4 transmitter designs also include monitor photo-diodes for laser control

Lower size and cost 

OneChip says the resulting PICs are tiny, measuring less than 3mm in length. “We think the PICs will enable the packaging of LR4 in a QSFP,” says Weirich. 40GBASE-LR4 products already exists in the QSFP form factor but the 100GBASE-LR4 uses a CFP module.

The startup expects module makers to use its receiver chips once they become available rather than wait for the receiver-transmitter PIC pair. "Reducing the size of one half the solution is possibly good enough to fit the whole hybrid design - the PIC for the receive and discretes for the transmit - into a QSFP,” says Weirich.  

The PICs are expected to reduce significantly the cost of LR4 modules. "I think we can cut the price by half or better,” says Weirich. “Right now the LR4 is far too expensive to be used for data centre interconnect.”  OneChip expects its LR4 PICs to be cost-competitive with the 2km reach 10x10 MSA interface. 

Meanwhile, short-reach 40 and 100 Gig interfaces use VCSEL technology and multi-mode fibre to address 100m reach requirements. In larger data centres this reach is limiting. Extended reach - 300-400m - multimode interfaces have emerged but so far these are at 40 Gig only.

"[Data centre operators] are saying that they are having to significantly bend out of shape their data centre architecture to accommodate even 300m reaches,” says Weirich. “They really want more than that.”

OneChip believes interfaces distances of 200m-2km is underserved and it is this market opportunity that it is seeking to address with its LR4 designs.

Roadmap

Will OneChip integrate the design further to product a single PIC LR4 transceiver? 

"It can be put into one chip but it is not clear that there is an economic advantage,” says Weirich. Indeed one PIC might even be more costly than the two-PIC chipset.

Another factor is that at 100 Gig, the 25Gbps electronics present a considerable signal integrity design challenge. “It is very important to keep the electronics very close to the photo-detectors and the modulators,” he says. “That becomes more difficult if you put it all on the one chip.” The fabrication yield of a larger single PIC would also be reduced, impacting cost. 

OneChip, meanwhile, has started limited production of its PON optical network unit (ONU) transceivers based on its EPON and GPON PICs. The company's EPON transceivers are becoming generally available while the GPON transceivers are due in two months’ time.

The company has yet to decide whether it will make its own LR4 optical modules. For now OneChip is solely an LR4 component supplier.

Further reading:

See OFC/ NFOEC 2012 highlights, the Kotura story in the Optical Engines section