Glenn Wellbrock, director of backbone network design at Verizon Business, was interviewed by gazettabyte as part of an upcoming feature on high-speed optical transmission. Here are some highlights of what he shared. The topics will be expanded upon in the upcoming feature.
"Next-gen lines will be coherent only"
Glenn Wellbrock, Verizon Business
Muxponders at 40Gbps
Given the expense of OC-768 very short reach transponders, Verizon is a keen proponent of 4x10Gbps muxponders. Instead of using the OC-768 client side interface, Verizon uses 4x10Gbps pluggables which are multiplexed into the 40Gbps line-side interface. The muxponder approach is even more attractive with compared to 40Gbps IP core router interfaces which are considerable more expensive than 4x10Gbps pluggables.
DQPSK will be deployed this year
Verizon has been selective in its use of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) based 40Gbps transmission within its network. It must measure the polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) on a proposed 40Gbps route and its variable nature means that impairment issues can arise over time. For this reason Verizon favours differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) modulation.
According to Wellbrock, DPSK has a typical PMD tolerance of 4 ps while DQPSK is closer to 8 ps. In contrast, 10Gbps DWDM systems have around 12 ps. “That [8 ps of DQPSK] is the right ballpark figure,” he says, pointing out that a measuring a route's PMD must still be done.
Verizon is testing the technology in its labs and Wellbrock says Verizon will deploy 40Gbps DQPSK technology this year.
Cost of 100Gbps
Verizon Business has already deployed Nortel’s 100Gbps dual- polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QSPK) coherent system in Europe, connecting Frankfurt and Paris. However, given 100Gbps is at the very early stages of development it will take time to meet the goal of costing 2x 40Gbps.
That said, Verizon expects at least one other system vendor to have a 100Gbps system available for deployment this year. And around mid-2011, at least three 300-pin module makers will likely have products. It will be the advent of 100Gbps modules and the additional 100Gbps systems they will enable that will reduce the price of 100Gbps. This has already happened with 40Gbps line side transponders; with 100Gbps the advent of 300-pin MSAs will happen far much quickly, says Wellbrock.
Next-gen routes coherent only
When Verizon starts deploying its next-generation fibre routes they will be optimised for 100Gbps coherent systems. This means that there will be no dispersion compensation fibre used on the links, depending on the 100Gbps receiver’s electronics to execute the dispersion compensation instead.
The routes will accommodate 40Gbps transmission but only if the systems use coherent detection. Moreover, much care will be needed in how these links are architected since they will need to comply with future higher-speed optical transmission schemes.
Verizon expects to start such routes in 2011 and “certainly” in 2012.